Periodontics is involved in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases that affect the gums and supporting structures of the teeth (the gums, cementum, periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone).
The main cause of periodontal disease is the bacteria in dental plaque that constantly accumulates on your teeth. Toxins released by the bacteria damages the tissues in the gums and the bone surrounding the teeth.
Gingivitis, an infection of the gums, is the earliest stage of periodontal disease. Early symptoms include swollen, inflamed and bleeding gums.
Since gum disease is usually painless and develops slowly, a person may not be aware of the disease until it becomes severe. During the advance stage of the disease (Periodontitis), the supporting tissues and bone surrounding the teeth are already affected and can cause teeth to become loose. Eventually, periodontal disease leads to tooth loss.
Another reason to be most concerned about periodontal disease is its effects on a person’s health. Researchers are now studying the relationship of periodontal disease, particularly the bacteria in the mouth, to the development of heart disease, diabetes, premature births and respiratory conditions.